2. what is component class

@Component is a Spring Framework annotation used to indicate that a class is a Spring-managed component. Spring components are objects managed by the Spring IoC (Inversion of Control) container, which handles their lifecycle, configuration, and dependency injection.

Here’s what you need to know about @Component:

1. Bean Definition: When you annotate a class with @Component, Spring registers it as a Spring bean during the application context initialization. This means that Spring will create an instance of the annotated class and manage its lifecycle.

2. Automatic Scanning: Spring automatically detects classes annotated with @Component (as well as other stereotype annotations like @Service, @Repository, and @Controller) if component scanning is enabled in your Spring configuration. Component scanning allows Spring to automatically discover and register beans without explicitly declaring them in XML configuration files or Java configuration classes.

3. Dependency Injection: Spring uses @Component to facilitate dependency injection. You can inject instances of @Component classes into other Spring-managed beans using @Autowired or constructor injection.

4. Customization: While @Component is a generic stereotype annotation, Spring provides more specific stereotype annotations such as @Service, @Repository, and @Controller for more specialized types of components. These annotations have the same semantics as @Component but are often used to express additional intentions and provide more context to developers.

5. Advantages: Using @Component (and related stereotype annotations) promotes loose coupling and modular design in your Spring application. It encourages the use of interfaces and abstraction, making your code easier to maintain, test, and extend.

Here’s an example of a class annotated with @Component:

In this example, MyComponent is a Spring-managed component, and Spring will manage its lifecycle and dependencies as configured in the application context. You can then inject MyComponent into other Spring beans using @Autowired or constructor injection.